Impact of Pulse Width on the Heat-Affected Zone in Glass Marking with MOPA 1064 nm Fiber Laser
In the realm of precision marking, the MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) 1064 nm fiber laser has emerged as a versatile tool for glass engraving applications. This article delves into the effects of pulse width variation from 4 ns to 200 ns on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) during glass marking, a critical parameter for maintaining the integrity and aesthetics of glass products.
The MOPA 1064 nm fiber laser offers advantages such as high beam quality, precise control over pulse width, and the ability to adjust energy per pulse, making it suitable for high-resolution glass marking. The pulse width, in particular, plays a pivotal role in determining the HAZ, which is the area of the glass that experiences thermal alteration due to laser exposure.
Understanding Pulse Width and HAZ
Pulse width refers to the duration of a single laser pulse. In glass marking, a shorter pulse width (4 ns) results in a more concentrated energy delivery, leading to rapid heating and cooling cycles. Conversely, a longer pulse width (200 ns) provides a more gradual energy deposition process. The HAZ is directly influenced by this energy input; a smaller HAZ is desirable for minimizing distortion and maintaining the glass's clarity.
Experimental Setup
To investigate the impact of pulse width on HAZ, experiments were conducted using a MOPA 1064 nm fiber laser system. Glass samples of various types, including soda-lime and borosilicate, were marked with pulse widths set at 4 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, and 200 ns. The energy per pulse and repetition rate were kept constant to isolate the effect of pulse width.
Results and Analysis
The results indicated a clear correlation between pulse width and HAZ. At 4 ns, the HAZ was minimal, with the glass experiencing localized melting and rapid resolidification, resulting in a fine, clear mark with minimal thermal distortion. As the pulse width increased to 200 ns, the HAZ expanded, leading to a more pronounced thermal effect and a corresponding increase in the potential for distortion and stress within the glass.
The type of glass also influenced the outcome. Borosilicate glass, known for its higher thermal resistance, showed less susceptibility to HAZ expansion compared to soda-lime glass, which is more prone to thermal shock.
Optimizing Pulse Width for Quality Marking
The optimal pulse width for glass marking with a MOPA 1064 nm fiber laser depends on the specific application and the desired balance between mark quality and HAZ. For applications requiring the highest resolution and minimal distortion, a shorter pulse width is recommended. However, for deeper engraving or when working with glass types that are more resistant to thermal shock, a longer pulse width may be more appropriate.
Conclusion
The study underscores the importance of pulse width as a critical parameter in glass marking with MOPA 1064 nm fiber lasers. By understanding and controlling the relationship between pulse width and HAZ, manufacturers can achieve the desired marking quality while preserving the structural integrity of the glass. Further research is warranted to explore the effects of other laser parameters and glass compositions on the marking process to unlock new possibilities in glass engraving and decoration.
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